Understanding Bursitis -- Diagnosis and Treatment
How Is Bursitis Diagnosed?
Your doctor may diagnose bursitis based on your symptoms and a physical exam. Some diagnostic tests may be performed to rule out other causes of your pain. These include the following:
- An X-ray of the affected area to look for bony spurs (abnormal areas) or arthritis.
- Aspiration, in which fluid is taken from the swollen bursa and evaluated under a microscope, to rule out gout or infection.
- Blood tests to screen for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes.
- Infrequently, a magnetic resonance imaging test (MRI) may be ordered to evaluate your condition.
When You Should Call a Doctor About Arthritis Symptoms
The pain and stiffness come on quickly, whether from an injury or an unknown cause -- you may be experiencing the onset of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or another arthritic condition. The pain is accompanied by fever; you may have infectious arthritis. You notice pain and stiffness in your arms, legs, or back after sitting for short periods or after a night's sleep; you may be developing rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or another arthritic condition. A child develops rash and/or...
Read the When You Should Call a Doctor About Arthritis Symptoms article > >
How Is Bursitis Treated?
Although bursitis generally disappears in a few days or weeks, the pain may be persistent. You should take measures to avoid further strain or injury. A physical therapy program that includes stretching and focused strengthening exercises could be helpful.
Initial treatment typically consists of over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as naproxen or ibuprofen, and ice applied to the affected area (although not directly on the skin). These pain relievers tend to reduce inflammation.
Another treatment often used for bursitis is the injection of a corticosteroid into and around the inflamed bursae (the fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints affected by bursitis). In severe cases, it may be necessary to draw fluid from inflamed and swollen bursae with a needle to relieve the pressure. In persistent conditions, bursae can be surgically removed.
Heat and ultrasound can help relax the joint, relieving pain and increasing mobility. A physical therapist administers this therapy.
Bursitis may recur, particularly if you engage regularly in strenuous exercise or physical labor.
How Can I Prevent Bursitis?
Warming up before strenuous exercise and cooling down afterward is the most effective way to avoid bursitis and other strains affecting the bones, muscles, and ligaments. Avoid activities that aggravate the problem. Rest the affected area after activity. Cushion your joints to avoid prolonged pressure and trauma.
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